Anopheles gambiae s.l. Susceptibility Status to New Generation Insecticides (Chlorfenapyr and Clothianidin) in Selected Local Government Areas of Kebbi State, Nigeria
Bunza, M. D. A.1*, Sanyinna, Y. M.2,3 , Oduola, A.4, Inyama, P.4, Samdi, L.4, Mada, N. S.5, Izuafa, A.1, Yari, M. A.1, Danjuma, J. B.6, Koko, J. D.1 and Besse, M. B.1
Female Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors of Plasmodium parasites that cause malaria, which is responsible for the highest infant and maternal mortality, especially among pregnant mothers globally. However, the vectors have been reported to exhibit resistance to most pyrethroid insecticides. It was against this background that the use of new-generation (slow-acting) insecticides such as Chlorfenapyr and Clothianidin came to the limelight. This study was conducted to assess the susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.l. to new generation insecticides in the study areas. Serial dilution of Chlorfenapyr powder was made (100µg/ml). Stock solution (40µg/ml) of Clothianidin was prepared by mixing 4mg (4,000µg) of technical grade Clothianidin with 100ml of acetone/MERO solution. The Chlorfenapyr test showed that adults An. gambiae s.l. were knockdown slowly between 0 and 60 minutes. However, 100% mortality was observed within 24, 48 and 72 hours, and the result of Clothianidin test indicated 100% susceptibility within 24 hours against mosquitoes in the LGAs. There is therefore an urgent need for the use of Chlorfenapyr and Clothianidin for indoor residual spray and the treatment of mosquito nets in Kebbi communities in order to curtail the level of malaria transmission in the LGAs.